Enclosure, Lissacarha, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Enclosures
Most ancient enclosures in the Irish countryside announce themselves with a raised bank or a ring of trees following the curve of a long-vanished wall.
The circular enclosure at Lissacarha offers almost none of that. What was once a structure roughly 36 metres across, sitting on a natural rise in the undulating reclaimed pastureland of north Galway, has been levelled to the point where only a faint swelling in the ground remains. A modern field boundary cuts across it from the south-south-east to the south-west, one of the more mundane ways that earlier landscapes get quietly dismantled over centuries of agricultural use.
The site belongs to a broad category of circular enclosed settlements that were common across early medieval Ireland, typically formed by an earthen bank and sometimes an outer fosse, the latter being a defensive ditch dug around the perimeter. At Lissacarha, traces of just such an external fosse are still faintly visible beyond the levelled interior. That interior once contained a cillín burial ground, a term referring to unconsecrated burial sites used historically for unbaptised infants and others excluded from formal church burial, a practice that persisted in rural Ireland well into the twentieth century. The presence of such a burial ground within an earlier enclosure is not unusual; ecclesiastical and folk use of pre-existing earthworks was common, and the two kinds of site became intertwined over time. A named well also lies to the south-east of the enclosure, and the clustering of a well, a burial ground, and an ancient earthwork in close proximity points to a landscape that accumulated layers of significance across many centuries.