Ringfort (Cashel), Liss, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Cashel), Liss, Co. Galway

Most ancient monuments demand at least a little imagination, but this cashel in Liss, County Galway, demands rather more than most.

What survives of the roughly 30-metre circular enclosure amounts to a low arc of drystone walling tracing from the north-east, curving through the south to the west. The rest has vanished entirely into the surrounding low-lying grassland, leaving no visible trace at the surface. A cashel, for those unfamiliar with the term, is a stone-built ringfort, the drystone equivalent of the more commonly discussed earthen rath, and was typically used in early medieval Ireland as an enclosed farmstead or high-status residence. This one has been further disrupted by a field boundary that cuts directly across the monument at its southern and western sides, the ordinary working geometry of agriculture quietly overwriting the older one.

The place name Liss offers its own quiet commentary. Lios in Irish generally refers to an enclosure or ringfort, suggesting that local memory of the site's function persisted in the landscape long after the monument itself began to disappear. By the time the site was formally recorded and included in the Archaeological Inventory of County Galway, compiled by Olive Alcock, Kathy de hÓra, and Paul Gosling and published in 1999, it was already described as very poorly preserved. The surviving arc of wall is essentially all that remains to mark what would once have been a complete and purposeful enclosure, possibly enclosing a dwelling, outbuildings, or agricultural activity during the early medieval period.

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