Midden, Inishlackan, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Settlement Sites
At the north-eastern tip of Inishlackan, a small island off the Connemara coast, a stretch of sand dunes conceals something older than its surface suggests.
Exposed in the dune face are layers of shells, burnt stone, and bone, the accumulated refuse of people who once ate, cooked, and lived here. This is a midden, a term for the rubbish heaps left behind by early coastal communities, and while the word sounds unglamorous, middens are among the most informative archaeological features a landscape can offer. What people discarded tells us what they gathered, what they ate, and how long they stayed.
The midden runs roughly north-west to south-east through an indented dune system stretching approximately 160 metres. The dunes reach their greatest height, around two metres, towards the south-eastern end, and it is there that the most substantial portion of the deposit survives. When the site was first formally inspected in September 1984, it appeared as an irregular spread of occupation material, and where the dune face had eroded away to expose a cross-section, a series of successive occupation bands became visible, composed of shells, burnt stone, and charcoal. Decades later, the site remains much as it was. Two distinct shell bands are now visible at the south-eastern end. The upper band, between roughly 0.4 and 0.8 metres thick, is densely packed with limpet, periwinkle, and oyster shells. Below it, a second, looser band, between approximately 1.2 and 1.6 metres thick, extends down to the base of the dunes. Some animal bone was noted during more recent examination, though no charcoal was recorded on that occasion. Rabbit burrows have also appeared in the dune face nearby, a reminder that the site continues to be disturbed by natural processes long after the people who made it are gone.