Ringfort (Rath), Moyleen, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ringforts
In the undulating pastureland of Moyleen in County Galway, a roughly circular earthwork sits quietly in a field, its original purpose legible only to those who know what they are looking for.
The monument is a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead typically dating from the early medieval period, roughly 500 to 1000 AD. Thousands of them survive across Ireland in varying states of preservation, and this one is among the more battered examples, its form interrupted by later field boundaries that slice through it from east to west and overlay it from east to southeast. And yet enough survives to read the structure clearly enough.
The rath measures approximately 35 metres in diameter and was originally defined by two concentric earthen banks with a fosse, a defensive ditch, running between them. A double-banked ringfort of this kind would have indicated a settlement of some local standing; the additional bank was a mark of status as much as a practical measure. The inner bank remains clearly visible on the ground, while the fosse survives from the northeast around to the south-southwest, and traces of the outer bank are still legible from the northeast to the southeast. At the northeast, a causewayed entrance gap survives, roughly 2.2 metres wide, where the banks and fosse were deliberately left open to allow access. Causewayed gaps like this are a common feature of raths, the causeway preserving a raised crossing over the fosse. Associated with the site is a souterrain, a type of underground stone-lined passage or chamber frequently found in connection with ringforts, likely used for storage or as a place of refuge.