Ringfort (Rath), Gortymadden, Co. Galway

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Ringforts

Ringfort (Rath), Gortymadden, Co. Galway

A modern field boundary cuts clean through the southern edge of this early medieval enclosure at Gortymadden, in south County Galway, as though the past were simply an inconvenience to be divided up.

That the rest of it survives so well makes the intrusion all the more striking. The circular rath measures 37 metres in diameter and retains two earthen banks with an external fosse, the ditch that would originally have enclosed and defined the whole settlement. Raths of this kind were the standard domestic enclosures of early medieval Ireland, built to keep livestock in and predators out, and to mark out a family's territory in the landscape. Most have been levelled by centuries of farming.

This one sits on a slight rise in gently rolling pastureland, which would have been a practical choice for any early medieval household: enough elevation to survey the surrounding ground, but not so exposed as to attract unwanted attention. Associated with the enclosure is a possible souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage typically used for storage or as a place of refuge, recorded separately in the same townland. About 50 metres to the west, a house site has also been identified, suggesting this was once a small but coherent settlement cluster rather than an isolated enclosure standing alone in the fields.

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