Enclosure, Ballyhooly, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Enclosures
In the pastureland around Ballyhooly in north Cork, a slightly raised oval in the grass marks the outline of an ancient enclosure that is easier to understand from the air than from the ground.
Measuring roughly 103 metres east to west and 91 metres north to south, it is large enough to have once enclosed a farmstead, a small settlement, or perhaps a place of ritual significance, though the ground itself gives little away. The earthen bank that defines its perimeter stands only about 35 centimetres high on the interior side, but rises to over a metre on the exterior, a modest but deliberate piece of shaping that suggests the boundary mattered to whoever built it. In places, stone walling has been used to patch the bank, a repair that could belong to any point across a very long span of time.
What makes the site particularly legible is what aerial photography has revealed. Images taken in July 1989 showed the enclosure as partially levelled, with a strip running roughly north-northeast to south-southwest visibly flattened. By July 1995, that same levelled portion had become readable as a cropmark, a phenomenon where buried features, in this case the remains of the bank and an external fosse, cause overlying grass or crops to grow differently, producing faint but telling variations in colour and texture that only become apparent when seen from above. A fosse is simply a ditch, and in enclosures of this kind it typically ran around the outside of the bank, deepening the effective barrier. There is a formal break in the bank to the northeast, flanked by gate posts, and a smaller gap to the east-southeast, suggesting at least two points of entry. Just inside the bank, running from the northwest around to the east-southeast, a low scarped edge faces inward and downward toward the bank itself, a detail whose purpose is not entirely clear but which points to deliberate landscaping of the interior.