Fulacht fia, Knockardrahan, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Settlement Sites
Some archaeological sites announce themselves with earthworks, standing stones, or the outline of a wall.
This one at Knockardrahan, in north County Cork, offers nothing of the sort. It is, in a meaningful sense, a site defined by its own disappearance, the burned stones that once marked it having been cleared away before anyone with an archaeological interest could note them properly. What remains is a location, a landowner's name, and a single line in a 1934 publication.
A fulacht fia, sometimes called a burnt mound, is among the most common prehistoric monument types in Ireland. The typical form is a horseshoe-shaped mound of fire-cracked stone, accumulated beside a trough, usually timber-lined, that was repeatedly filled with water and heated by dropping in stones from a fire. The precise purpose has been debated since the monuments were first studied; cooking is the most widely accepted explanation, though brewing, hide preparation, and bathing have all been proposed. At Knockardrahan, the site was recorded by Bowman in 1934 on land belonging to a M. Byrne. Even then, the characteristic burned and shattered stones that typically build up into a visible mound had already been removed from the surface, probably cleared during agricultural improvement. Without that material, there is no mound, and without a mound, there is effectively nothing left to see. The site has no visible surface trace.