Fulacht fia, Ballynagree, Co. Cork

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Settlement Sites

Fulacht fia, Ballynagree, Co. Cork

In the forestry plantations outside Ballynagree in mid Cork, an ancient mound sits quietly being swallowed by trees.

It is a fulacht fia, a type of prehistoric cooking site found in considerable numbers across Ireland, and this particular one measures roughly twenty metres east to west and twelve metres north to south. That is not a small feature, yet most people who have ever walked near it would have had no idea what they were looking at.

Fulachtaí fia, the plural form, are typically Bronze Age in origin, though some examples span a wider range of dates. The basic principle involved heating stones in a fire, dropping them into a water-filled trough to bring the water to a boil, and using that heat to cook meat or, as some researchers now argue, for other purposes entirely, including brewing or bathing. The burnt and shattered stones were then discarded to the side, building up over repeated use into the characteristic horseshoe-shaped mound that archaeologists recognise today. The Ballynagree example is one such accumulation, with burnt material surviving to a depth of around 0.8 metres. That layer of scorched, fire-cracked stone is visible where a drain cuts east to west along the edge of the mound, and the same dark material has been pushed up and piled around young plantation trees, meaning that the process of commercial forestry has both disturbed the site and, inadvertently, made its contents more legible at the surface.

The disturbance from tree planting is a reminder of how many of these sites have been altered or damaged before anyone thought to properly document them. The mound at Ballynagree is overgrown and unlikely to announce itself to a casual visitor, but the exposed burnt material in the drain offers an accidental cross-section through several thousand years of prehistoric activity.

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