Enclosure, Ballyvaloon, Co. Cork

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Ballyvaloon, Co. Cork

On a south-south-west-facing slope in the pastureland of Ballyvaloon, in mid Cork, a large circular earthwork sits quietly in the grass, unremarked by most who pass nearby.

What sets it apart is its scale. At 106 metres in diameter, the enclosing earthen bank is considerably larger than the typical ringfort, or ráth, which tends to run between 20 and 50 metres across. Ringforts, built throughout the early medieval period in Ireland, were generally the enclosed farmsteads of a single family or extended household. A structure of this size suggests something different in function or status, though what exactly that was remains open to interpretation.

The bank itself stands to around 2 metres in height, which is a respectable survival given that earthworks in agricultural land are frequently reduced by centuries of ploughing and grazing. Along the northern and north-eastern edges, there is a shallow depression outside the bank that may represent the remnant of a fosse, the outer ditch that would have been dug to provide the material for raising the bank and to add a further defensive or territorial boundary. Two breaks in the bank, to the south-west and west, could be original entrances or later breaches made for agricultural convenience. The enclosure sits in pasture now, and the slope on which it rests would have given those inside a commanding view of the surrounding land to the south and west.

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Pete F
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