Country house, Ballinaspig More, Co. Cork

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Country house, Ballinaspig More, Co. Cork

A limestone doorcase, carefully lifted from a demolished bishop's residence and mortared into the wall of a Scout hall, is perhaps an unlikely survivor, but it is the most visible remnant of what was once a substantial Church of Ireland episcopal demesne on the western edge of Cork city.

The house at Ballinaspig More was built in 1726 for Bishop Peter Browne and served successive bishops of Cork until it was pulled down around 1831. By that point it had stood for barely a century, long enough for a 1778 road map by Taylor and Skinner to record its gabled end wings, but not long enough to outlast the shifting fortunes of the established church in Ireland. What replaced it, in function if not in form, was a working farmyard, and what replaced that in turn was a public park.

The demesne was more elaborate than its current condition suggests. A courtyard to the south was flanked by farm buildings, now gone, though the cobbled yard surface can still be made out, laid with different coloured stones in ornate patterns and once incorporating the date 1726 and the initials 'PB' picked out in the design. A small chapel, consecrated in 1730 and noted as ruinous on the Ordnance Survey's six-inch map of 1842, stood at the north-west corner of the courtyard. It is rectangular in plan, about nine metres by five internally, with cut limestone detailing around its western door and windows. A covered passage is said to have connected its eastern entrance to the main house. The vault beneath the east gable once held the remains of Bishop Browne himself and of a later bishop, Isaac Mann; both were removed to St Finbarre's Cathedral in 1865, as were the chapel's datestones and memorials, which had already been transferred there by 1848. Elsewhere in the yard, a circular stone platform once anchored a horse-powered pulping machine, a reminder that episcopal grandeur and agricultural practicality occupied the same ground.

The wider demesne retains a surprising number of features for a site absorbed into suburban Cork. A terraced area to the north of the house site, still known locally as the Bishop's Garden, drops down to the Curragheen river, which is crossed by a pair of three-arched footbridges. A walled enclosure on the far bank served as a graveyard until the 1940s. To the north-west of the chapel there are ornamental ponds and the remains of a shell house, a small garden structure decorated with shellwork that was fashionable on demesnes of this period. Walled gardens survive to the south, along with a small square kiln used for burning garden waste and a limekiln to the east. A limekiln, for those unfamiliar with them, is a stone furnace used to burn limestone and produce quicklime for agricultural use. Taken together, these fragments map out the working and ornamental layers of an early eighteenth-century bishop's estate that the suburb grew around rather than erased.

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