Coolcran Fort, Killacorraun, Co. Mayo

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Ringforts

Coolcran Fort, Killacorraun, Co. Mayo

A ring of oak, hazel and blackthorn marks the edge of a rath in the pastures of Killacorraun, the trees tracing a boundary that was already old when the first Ordnance Survey mapped it in 1838.

The fort sits at a break of slope on the south side of a rise, with a stream running about fifty metres to the south and open views spreading out in every direction, a position that would have made considerable sense to whoever chose it.

A rath is a roughly circular earthwork enclosure, typically of early medieval date, that once defined a farmstead or the residence of a person of local status. This one measures approximately 33 metres north to south and 29.5 metres east to west, its boundary formed by an earthen scarp rather than a wall. The engineering is quietly telling. On the southern half, where the natural ground falls away, the builders piled the earth higher to compensate, bringing the interior up to a level platform. The scarp on that side rises about two metres above the surrounding ground, while on the flatter northern side it barely clears half a metre. A slightly raised stony rim running along the east to west-south-west arc sits on top of the scarp, adding a further degree of definition. A slumped gap in the eastern scarp may be where the original entrance once stood. Beneath the northwest quadrant of the interior, a very shallow depression is thought to indicate a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage sometimes used for storage or refuge, associated with early medieval settlement. Faint cultivation ridges still cross the interior, running roughly north-north-west to south-south-east, evidence that the enclosed space was worked as ground long after its original purpose had passed. A low field wall bisects the eastern half of the interior on the same axis, and along the northern arc the old scarp has been pressed into service as a property boundary, reinforced with a bank of stone and topped with a post and wire fence, the monument quietly absorbed into the ordinary rhythms of a working farm.

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Pete F
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