Fort, Annacramph, Co. Monaghan
Co. Monaghan |
Ringforts
On top of a drumlin in County Monaghan, a low circular earthwork sits so quietly in the landscape that it might easily pass for a natural rise in the ground.
It is roughly 32 metres across, grass-covered, and defined by a slight earthen bank that has worn down considerably over the centuries, surviving in places as little more than a scarp and a boundary hedge. A fosse, the ditch that typically ran around the outside of such enclosures to reinforce the bank's defensive effect, can still be faintly traced along the western and north-north-eastern sides, and there is some indication that this ditch may once have been deliberately deepened along that arc.
Ringforts of this kind, sometimes called raths, were the most common form of enclosed settlement in early medieval Ireland, generally dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries. They were typically the farmsteads of free farming families, the bank and fosse serving as much to define social territory and contain livestock as to provide serious military defence. The drumlin setting here is worth noting. Drumlins are the long, smooth, egg-shaped hills left behind by retreating glaciers, and they are particularly dense across Counties Monaghan, Cavan, and Fermanagh, giving that region its distinctive rumpled topography. Siting a settlement on the crest of one would have offered good sightlines across the surrounding land, which may explain the choice of location. Four gaps in the surviving bank could each represent an entrance, but which of them, if any, preserves the original approach into the enclosure has not been established.