Barrow - bowl-barrow, Farta, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Barrows
A Bronze Age burial mound on the north-facing slope of a ridge in Farta, County Galway, once held what amounts to a small, layered biography of the dead.
The mound no longer exists; a barn eventually took its place. But what was uncovered inside it in 1903 is strange enough to merit attention long after the earthwork itself has gone.
Before the archaeologist George Coffey began his excavation in 1903, the mound presented itself as a circular tumulus roughly 40 feet across and 9 feet high, sitting in open grassland. Bowl-barrows, a burial form associated broadly with the Bronze Age, are typically round, domed mounds of earth and stone raised over one or more interments, sometimes with a shallow encircling ditch. This one proved to be built of stones and earth, with a distinct layer of sandy soil about 0.9 metres below the surface. Beneath that layer, at the very centre, lay the extended skeleton of an adult woman, unprotected by any stone cist or covering, her head oriented to the west. Alongside her, to the south, were red deer bones and the skeleton of a horse. At the old ground level beneath her, also at the centre of the mound, sat an inverted cordoned urn, a type of decorated Bronze Age ceramic vessel, placed upside down over cremated human bone and resting on a flat slab. The combination of an inhumation burial above and a cremation below, accompanied by animal remains including a horse, is a notably unusual assemblage. When Edith Cody surveyed the site in 1989, the mound had already been considerably disturbed, with its eastern side partly removed, likely a consequence of the earlier excavation itself. Traces of a possible encircling fosse survived on the western side, between two and three metres wide and up to half a metre deep. At some point after the surveys, the remains of the mound were levelled entirely and a barn was constructed on the spot.