Bullaun stone, Ballycarridoge, Co. Tipperary

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Holy Sites & Wells

Bullaun stone, Ballycarridoge, Co. Tipperary

A large stone sitting on the western face of a field boundary in County Tipperary carries two quite different identities.

To archaeologists, it is a bullaun stone, a boulder into which one or more rounded depressions have been ground or worn, a type of feature found across Ireland and generally associated with early medieval religious or ritual activity. To local people, it is something else entirely: a mass rock, the kind of flat or prominent stone at which Catholic priests celebrated Mass in secret during the Penal era, when public worship was suppressed under colonial law. Whether or not this stone was ever used in that way, the fact that it carries the name in living memory says something about how communities fold one layer of sacred meaning over another across the centuries.

The stone sits on the western face of a north-south running field bank, the sort of earthwork that can itself be of considerable age. Roughly 240 metres to the west lies a ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead typical of early medieval Ireland, usually defined by a circular bank and ditch, and that site has its own bullaun stone associated with it. Finding two bullaun stones in such proximity, one beside a ringfort and one further east along a field system, is not common, and it raises quiet questions about whether this landscape was once more densely organised around features that mattered to the people who worked and lived in it.

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