Castlewarden House, Castlewarden, Co. Kildare
Co. Kildare |
House
The building that serves as a golf clubhouse in Castlewarden, Co. Kildare, carries within its walls the probable remnants of a fortified seventeenth-century house, though you would be unlikely to guess it from the outside. The present structure dates broadly to the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, its south façade showing the kind of careful renovation that tends to erase rather than reveal. Yet buried within the west and central portions of the building, beneath layers of render, are walls between 0.6 and 0.8 metres thick, arranged in a T-shape roughly 12.8 metres east to west, with a northern stem of around 6 metres enclosing what was once a staircase. These dimensions and the wall thickness are not typical of a genteel Georgian country house; they suggest something older and more defensive underneath.
The earliest documentary image of the site comes from the Down Survey of 1655 to 1656, the ambitious mid-seventeenth-century mapping project commissioned by the Cromwellian administration to record confiscated Irish lands. There, under the name 'Castlenarning', a large gabled house is depicted in the vicinity of the current building. Scholars Garner and Craig, writing for Foras Forbatha in 1976, suggested the site may overlie an important seventeenth-century house, and the 2002 building survey and archaeological test-trenching carried out ahead of an extension broadly supported that reading. The Down Survey depiction was interpreted as indicating either a fortified or semi-fortified house, perhaps comparable to the small seventeenth-century house at Derrin, Co. Laois, or alternatively a larger T-plan or H-plan structure with flanking towers. A single find recovered during the trenching, a thick trapezoidal vernacular roof slate with late medieval and early post-medieval parallels, offered a tentative material link to that earlier phase. The surrounding ground, unfortunately, had already been landscaped to create access to what had been the basement level, removing whatever archaeological deposits might otherwise have clarified the picture. Adding further historical texture to the immediate landscape, a motte and bailey, the earthwork remains of a Norman fortification consisting of a raised mound and an enclosed courtyard, stands roughly 300 metres to the north-west.