Church, Holycross, Co. Tipperary

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Church, Holycross, Co. Tipperary

Beneath a field under tillage on the gentle southern slopes of Holycross in County Tipperary, there may lie the ghostly outline of an Early Christian church or monastic enclosure, visible only from the air and only under the right conditions.

In the summer of 1996, an aerial photograph revealed two widely spaced curving cropmarks immediately east of the village's disused nineteenth-century Church of Ireland building. Cropmarks of this kind appear when buried ditches or banks affect the growth of crops above them, tracing the shapes of long-vanished structures on the surface. These particular marks suggest what archaeologists call a bivallate enclosure, a large circular or oval area defined by two concentric boundaries, of a type commonly associated with Early Christian ecclesiastical sites across Ireland. Nothing of whatever once stood inside survives above ground.

The name of the village itself hints at how old this religious connection might be. The earlier Irish placename was Ceall Uachta Lawyne or Lamund, interpreted by researcher Paul Stevens as meaning something close to 'the upper church, or small church, in the territory of Lamund.' That personal name, Lamund, anchors the site in a period when local lords and their territories gave identity to the landscape. The irony is that Stevens, having traced the place's ecclesiastical origins through its name, carried out an archaeological excavation of the Church of Ireland building in 2000 and found no archaeological features whatsoever. The ground yielded nothing. Whatever the enclosure once contained, the south-eastern portion has been further obscured by modern development, built over by the Sue Ryder complex and a playing field attached to the present school. The site survives, if it survives at all, only in the cropmarks and in the stubborn memory encoded in a placename.

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