Church, Russagh, Co. Westmeath

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Church, Russagh, Co. Westmeath

In the graveyard at Russagh in County Westmeath, a medieval church has essentially been absorbed back into the ground.

By 1837, only a fragment of one wall remained. By 1911, even that had been reduced to a short stretch of the south wall. Today nothing stands above the surface at all, though an aerial photograph taken in November 2011 suggests the flattened outline of the building may still be faintly legible from above, in the northern quadrant of the graveyard. What does remain, scattered quietly among the burials, are pieces of cut stone from the church itself, reused as grave markers, the building cannibalised to mark the dead it once served.

The site has a long and layered history. The place-name Russagh is connected in early ecclesiastical sources, including the Feilire of Aengus and the Martyrology of Tallaght, to St Caemhan Brec, Bishop of Ross-Each, whose feast day fell on the 14th of September. The area was also known by the Old Irish name Caille Fhallamhain, meaning Fallon's wood or the wood of the chief professor, a detail that hints at a learned or ecclesiastical community in the early medieval period. By the seventeenth century the site was operating as a functioning parish church: the Royal Visitation of 1615 recorded the vicarage of Ruish (Russagh) as having an annual income of £4, with the church noted as being in good condition, and one Leonard Heligh listed as its vicar. The church also appears on the Down Survey map of Moygoish barony, compiled between 1654 and 1659, which tersely records 'one Church in Russagh'. The 1837 Ordnance Survey Name Book was hardly more generous, noting that the graveyard 'presents nothing of interest but its situation within an earthen rath', which is to say an enclosure defined by an earthen bank, a characteristic form associated with early Irish ecclesiastical sites. Eighty metres to the northwest, a motte, the earthen mound associated with early Norman fortification, sits in proximity to the church, suggesting that this was once a point where different kinds of medieval authority converged.

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