Cliff-edge fort, Ballinvreena, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Forts
At the edge of a ravine in County Limerick, where the Glounderrig stream cuts a boundary between townlands, there is a prehistoric earthwork that uses the landscape itself as part of its defences.
Most ringforts, those circular enclosures of raised bank and ditch that dot the Irish countryside in their thousands, were built on relatively open ground and rely entirely on their own earthworks for enclosure. This one is different. The eastern side requires no bank at all; the scarp of the Glounderrig ravine drops away sharply enough to do the work instead, giving the fort its classification as a cliff-edge type.
The Ordnance Survey first recorded it on their six-inch map of 1840 as a simple circular enclosure, and their field notes from that year describe it as one of three forts in the area, noting it as lying near the western boundary of the district covered in their Abbeyfeale to Bruree notebook. By the time the more detailed twenty-five-inch survey was completed in 1897, the picture had grown considerably more complex. That later map shows a sub-circular enclosure, roughly eighteen metres north to south and twenty metres east to west, ringed on its accessible sides by not one but two banks with a fosse, or ditch, running between them. The inner bank is about four and a half metres wide, the outer nearer eight. An entrance gap opens at the north-north-west. A separate earthwork sits just fourteen metres to the east, across the stream boundary in the neighbouring townland of Glenlary.
The site today lies in pasture and is covered in trees, which makes it visible on aerial imagery from the early 2010s but less immediately legible on the ground. The Glounderrig stream, running immediately to the east, still marks the townland boundary as it did when the Ordnance Survey fieldworkers passed through. Visitors approaching on foot should be aware that the ravine scarp that gives the fort its character also makes the eastern approach awkward; the sensible route is from the west, across the open pasture. The tree cover, though it obscures the banks somewhat, also preserves them, and the double-bank arrangement on the western arc is still detectable once you know what you are looking for.