Concentric enclosure, Columbkille, Co. Kilkenny

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Enclosures

Concentric enclosure, Columbkille, Co. Kilkenny

Beneath a tilled field in Columbkille, Co. Kilkenny, two concentric circles lie invisible to anyone walking the ground.

The only way to see them is from above, and even then only under the right conditions: a dry summer, a crop under stress, and a satellite passing overhead at the right moment. What appears on imagery from August 2015 is a pair of roughly circular enclosures, one inside the other, with a gap of somewhere between six and ten metres separating them. The outer ring stretches approximately 68 metres north to south and around 70 metres east to west, making it a substantial feature by any measure.

This kind of site is known as a cropmark enclosure, and it survives not as earthwork or stone but as a faint differential in the way plants grow. Where buried ditches or banks once disturbed the soil, crops above them tend to grow taller or shorter, greener or yellower, depending on how moisture and nutrients move through the ground below. In a dry spell, that difference becomes visible from the air. The concentric form is unusual; most enclosures of this type consist of a single ring, and the doubled arrangement with a clear gap between the circuits tends to suggest a more elaborate or perhaps more significant original function, though without excavation the date and purpose remain open questions. Jean-Charles Caillère identified and reported the feature from satellite imagery, and a separate ring-ditch, a type of circular earthwork often associated with prehistoric burial or ritual activity, lies approximately 50 metres to the south-east, hinting that this corner of Kilkenny may have once held more than one focus of activity in the ancient landscape.

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