Concentric enclosure, Killahy, Co. Kilkenny

Co. Kilkenny |

Enclosures

Concentric enclosure, Killahy, Co. Kilkenny

On a gently sloping bluff in a Kilkenny valley, a double-ringed enclosure lies almost entirely out of sight, its presence betrayed not by any visible earthwork but by subtle variations in the way grass grows over buried soil.

Stand in the reclaimed grassland above it and you would have no reason to suspect anything was there at all.

The monument was first identified not by a fieldwalker but by an aerial photograph produced at the GSI 1:30,000 scale. When the site was visited on the ground in 1987, nothing could be seen. The landscape had swallowed it. What aerial and satellite imagery eventually revealed, however, is a concentric double enclosure, a type of monument associated broadly with early medieval settlement in Ireland, where an inner ring, often a raised ringfort or rath, was surrounded by a secondary boundary that might have served as an enclosure for livestock or as an additional defensive perimeter. Here, the inner enclosure measures roughly 31 metres north to south and 28 metres east to west, and shows up as a cropmark, the faint discolouration that appears in grass or grain when buried features such as a fosse, an infilled ditch, affect the moisture available to roots above. A gap of approximately 16 metres separates it from the outer enclosure, which has a diameter of around 60 metres and survives as a low bank. Satellite imagery from March 2010 and June 2018 both confirm the plan, suggesting the cropmark becomes legible under the right seasonal and meteorological conditions.

The site sits on ground with wide views in all directions, which is a quality often associated with early enclosed settlements whose occupants had reason to monitor the surrounding landscape. That elevated sightline is now the most immediately legible thing about the place; the enclosures themselves remain, as they were in 1987, invisible from the surface.

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Pete F
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