Designed landscape - tree-ring, Kilballyowen, Co. Limerick

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Designed Landscapes

Designed landscape – tree-ring, Kilballyowen, Co. Limerick

There is a particular category of landscape feature that gets mistaken, at first glance, for something far older than it actually is.

From the air, the tree-ring at Kilballyowen in County Limerick reads as a roughly oblong outline, part standing woodland, part ghostly cropmark tracing a curve across open ground. It looks, in the way that aerial archaeology often does, as though it might be the remnant of something ancient, a ring fort or enclosure perhaps. It is not. It is the surviving evidence of a designed woodland plantation, a deliberate ornamental feature laid out as part of the landscaped demesne of the nearby house, and it is precisely that ordinariness that makes it interesting.

The Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1840 records the feature clearly as a woodland plantation, with no suggestion of antiquity. By the time the more detailed 25-inch edition was published in 1897, something had changed: only the eastern half of the plantation appears on the later map, the western portion having been bisected by a field drain at some point in the intervening decades. This kind of attrition, where a designed landscape element is quietly dismantled by agricultural improvement, is common enough across Irish demesne lands. The plantation sits within the broader demesne of Kilballyowen House, whose associated castle site lies roughly 500 metres to the northwest. A burial ground is recorded approximately 350 metres to the southwest. The feature sits about 200 metres north of the townland boundary with Baggotstown, placing it at what was once a carefully managed edge of a landed estate's ornamental grounds.

What remains visible today is largely legible from aerial imagery rather than the ground. A Google Earth orthoimage from April 2006 shows the eastern portion as a wooded area and the western boundary surviving only as a cropmark, the kind of faint discolouration in vegetation or soil that reveals buried or disturbed ground beneath. Compiled by Alison McQueen and Vera Rahilly and uploaded to the record in November 2020, the site is catalogued not as an antiquity but as a post-medieval designed landscape feature. Anyone visiting the area with an interest in demesne archaeology would do well to look also at the castle site to the northwest, bearing in mind that the plantation, like so many features of its kind, now tells its story most clearly from above rather than at eye level.

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