Ecclesiastical enclosure, Keave, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Ecclesiastical Sites
The very name of the townland gives the game away.
On Ordnance Survey six-inch maps, the small house cluster here in east Galway is labelled Chapelfeenaghty, and the field immediately east of the graveyard is still known locally as the Chapel Acre. The graveyard itself is roughly D-shaped, its notably curving eastern wall doubling as a townland boundary, and that curve is the detail that catches the archaeologist's eye. Modern walls can quietly preserve far older geometries, and here the arc of the eastern boundary may be a surviving fragment of an early ecclesiastical enclosure, the kind of roughly circular or ovoid precinct that Irish monastic and church sites commonly occupied from the early medieval period onward.
The enclosure's outline is complicated by a second, fainter feature. Immediately outside the graveyard to the southeast, a separate curving earthen bank follows a completely different projection, suggesting the site has at least two distinct phases or boundaries rather than one coherent plan. This bank survives as a low, wide arc, roughly twelve metres long, five and a half metres wide, and no more than half a metre high at its tallest point, visible on the southwest to south-southeast arc. Inside the graveyard itself are the recorded sites of two post-medieval Roman Catholic chapels, and a souterrain, an underground stone-lined passage of the kind used in early medieval Ireland for storage or refuge. To the northeast, just outside the graveyard boundary, there is a holy well, a feature that frequently signals long-standing local veneration of a site. A further large enclosure lies approximately eighty metres to the north. Taken together, the cluster of a possible early enclosure, two later chapels, a souterrain, a holy well, a commemorative field name, and a probable second enclosure nearby suggests a site with a layered past, where successive communities kept returning to, and building around, the same piece of ground.