Ecclesiastical enclosure, Killeenemer, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Ecclesiastical Sites
A graveyard and ruined church sit at the centre of something much older and larger than either of them.
At Killeenemer in north County Cork, a trapezoidal enclosure roughly 190 metres across in both directions wraps around the ecclesiastical site, its outline no longer obvious at ground level but legible from the air as a shadow mark and a pattern of differential crop growth, first captured clearly in an aerial photograph taken by J. Monk in January 1982. What survives on the ground is a low earthen bank, standing no more than half a metre on its inner face and just under a metre on the outer, running from the north around to the south-east and west-north-west, where it has been absorbed into the existing field boundary system. A modern road cuts through the enclosure from north-west to south. Most remarkably, the inner geometry is not entirely lost: midway along the northern side, the banks turn inward and run south towards the graveyard wall, forming a narrow avenue roughly seven metres wide. The graveyard floor itself sits about thirty centimetres higher than the floor of this avenue, a subtle but legible trace of ancient organisation.
The site's historical weight goes well beyond its physical remains. MacCotter and Nicholls, writing in 1996, identified Killeenemer with Cill Aenamhna, named in the medieval territorial survey known as the Crichad an Chaoilli as the chief church of the tuath Eoghanacht Gleannamnach, an early Gaelic territorial unit of the region. That designation as a principal church implies considerable ecclesiastical authority in the early medieval period. By 1275 at the latest, an ecclesiastical court was being held at Killeenemer, suggesting the site retained an administrative and legal function well into the medieval period. Adding texture to this picture are a bullaun stone, a large hollowed boulder associated with early Christian and pre-Christian ritual use, located about 450 metres south of the church, and several fragments of rotary quern stones that were once gathered around the church altar and have since been moved to Ballindangan Community Centre for safekeeping.