Enclosure, Ballylegan, Co. Cork

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Ballylegan, Co. Cork

In a field in Ballylegan, north County Cork, there is an ancient enclosure that most people walking past would never notice.

No earthwork rises above the surface, no stones mark the perimeter. The only trace of it visible to the naked eye appears from the air, and only under the right conditions: a cropmark, the faint differential in how crops grow over buried features, tracing the line of a fosse, or ditch, that once defined a circular enclosure roughly fifty metres across.

The site came to light through an aerial photograph taken in July 1989 as part of the Cork Aerial Survey and Archaeological Project. What the photograph captured was the ghost of a circular enclosure, its surrounding ditch showing as a discolouration in the crop growth above. A possible entrance appears to have faced west. What makes the field particularly interesting is that this enclosure is not alone: two related features sit in the same ground, a second circular enclosure and a ring-ditch, which is a shallower circular feature often associated with Bronze Age burial. Circular enclosures of this general type in Ireland are frequently associated with early medieval settlement, the enclosed farmsteads known as raths or ringforts that were once the basic unit of rural life across the island. Whether the Ballylegan examples belong to that tradition or to an earlier period remains unclear from what survives at the surface level.

Because the site exists essentially as a buried feature with no upstanding remains, there is little for a visitor to observe on the ground. The interest lies in what the landscape conceals rather than what it displays, three distinct archaeological features occupying the same field, legible only to a camera looking down from altitude on a summer morning in 1989.

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Pete F
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