Enclosure, Ballymakeagh More, Co. Cork

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Ballymakeagh More, Co. Cork

In a field at Ballymakeagh More in County Cork, an aerial photograph reveals a circular mark in the earth, roughly thirty metres across.

It sits alongside a second, similar feature about sixty metres to its south-west, and both are logged in the archaeological record as a possible enclosure and a related site. The quiet uncertainty around these two features is, in its own way, the most interesting thing about them. They may be the traces of ancient human activity, or they may be nothing of the sort.

The circular cropmark or soil mark of the kind visible here is often the first clue that something lies beneath a field surface, whether the buried remains of a ringfort, a prehistoric enclosure, or some other structure whose above-ground presence has long since vanished. A ringfort, to give the most common Irish example, was typically a circular area enclosed by one or more earthen banks, used as a farmstead during the early medieval period. But the Ballymakeagh More features carry an important caveat. A six-inch Ordnance Survey map from 1934 shows what appears to be a relict pond in the same field, to the south, and geologists and archaeologists alike recognise that natural processes, including the slow infilling of old ponds or solution hollows in the underlying rock, can produce circular marks in fields that look remarkably like the signatures of human settlement. The two features at Ballymakeagh More may belong to that category entirely.

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