Enclosure, Ballynagranagh, Co. Limerick

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Ballynagranagh, Co. Limerick

There is a circle in a wet field in County Limerick that appeared on no map for generations.

The cartographers of the Ordnance Survey Ireland missed it entirely, and it sat unrecorded in the low-lying pasture of Ballynagranagh, cut through by land drains and watercourses, until an aircraft passed overhead at the right moment and the ground gave itself away.

In 1986, the Bruff aerial photographic survey captured what is known as a cropmark, the faint shadow that buried or partly buried earthworks cast on growing vegetation when soil moisture and root depth vary above them. That image, catalogued as Bruff 159 (AP 4/3634), revealed a circular form in the field. What the aerial view suggested, later orthoimagery confirmed. The OSi orthoimage taken between 2005 and 2012 shows an upstanding earthwork roughly 25 metres in diameter, defined by a bank with traces of an external fosse, which is essentially a ditch dug around the outside of an enclosure to reinforce the boundary. This combination of bank and fosse is the basic grammar of early Irish enclosed settlements, most commonly associated with the ringfort tradition, though not every circular enclosure was domestic in purpose. A second earthwork lies approximately 95 metres to the south-west, catalogued separately, which raises quiet questions about how these two features may once have related to one another. The site sits about 90 metres east of the townland boundary with Ballyloundash, and around 160 metres south-west of the nearest public road.

Accessing the monument requires crossing private farmland, so permission from the landowner would be needed before any visit. The ground is described as low-lying wet pasture, and given the network of land drains and watercourses that cut across it, the going underfoot is likely to be soft for much of the year; drier summer months would make the approach considerably easier. The earthwork is most legible from above, which is partly why it went unnoticed for so long at ground level, but once you know what you are looking for, the slight rise of the bank and the depression of the fosse should be discernible on site. The nearby earthwork to the south-west would be worth examining in the same visit, if access allows.

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