Enclosure, Ballyspellan, Co. Kilkenny

Co. Kilkenny |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Ballyspellan, Co. Kilkenny

On the Kilkenny uplands, a circle roughly thirty-three metres across sits in the grassland without leaving the faintest trace for anyone walking over it.

No bank, no ditch, no hollow in the ground gives it away. The only record of its shape comes from the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map, surveyed in 1839, when enough of the feature apparently survived at surface level to be worth marking down by the cartographers moving through this part of the country.

Enclosures of this kind, broadly circular and defined by an earthen bank or fosse, are among the most common archaeological monuments in Ireland, and they tend to cluster in exactly the sort of liminal position this one occupies, at or just above the break of slope where a gentle valley gives way to steeper upland ground. They date most commonly to the early medieval period and are thought to have served as farmsteads or settlement enclosures, though some may have had other functions. By the time the Ordnance Survey reached Ballyspellan, this one had already been largely levelled, whether by centuries of ploughing, land improvement, or simple erosion. A second enclosure of comparable character lies about seventy metres to the south-south-east, and it too has been levelled, leaving two vanished circles in close proximity in the same rolling grassland, which raises the possibility that this was once a more substantial focus of early activity in the area.

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