Enclosure, Ballyvodock, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Enclosures
Some archaeological sites announce themselves with standing walls or weathered stones.
The enclosure at Ballyvodock, in County Cork, does neither. It exists, for the most part, as a ghost in the soil, visible only from the air as a cropmark, the differential growth of crops above buried features betraying the outline of something that would otherwise be entirely invisible at ground level. What the aerial photograph reveals is a bivallate circular enclosure, meaning one defined by two concentric ditches, or fosses. The outer fosse is noticeably narrower and fainter than the inner one, and the whole structure has been cut across on its eastern side by a roadway, leaving only a partial arc where once there was a complete circuit. An entrance gap through the inner fosse survives on the south-western side.
The site sits in level tillage land, which is precisely why the cropmark method works so well here. Buried ditches retain moisture differently from the surrounding soil, and in dry conditions the crops above them grow taller or ripen later, sketching the buried plan in green or gold depending on the season. The aerial photograph was taken by Dr D.D.C. Pochin Mould, whose work documented many such features across Cork and beyond. The enclosure belongs to a type broadly known as a rath or lios, a circular enclosed settlement of early medieval Ireland, typically consisting of an earthen bank and ditch surrounding a domestic space. Writing in 1923, a researcher named Power noted that two liosanna in this very townland of Ballyvodock had already disappeared by that point, absorbed into the agricultural landscape. This enclosure, surviving only as a shadow in the crop, may be one of those he had in mind, or a related feature. Faint linear traces running diagonally across the field to the west-southwest and south suggest further buried archaeology in the vicinity, though their nature remains unclear.