Enclosure, Cappagh, Co. Galway

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Cappagh, Co. Galway

Some places are most interesting precisely because they no longer exist.

In the undulating grassland of the former demesne of Cappagh House in County Galway, there is nothing to see, which is itself a kind of story. A circular earthwork roughly forty metres across once occupied this ground, and local memory holds it as an elevated area of tree stumps enclosed by an earthen bank and an outer fosse, the fosse being a defensive ditch that typically accompanied ringforts and similar early enclosures. By the time anyone thought to record it formally, land clearance had already erased it. No visible surface trace survives.

The earliest Ordnance Survey six-inch maps, produced in Ireland during the 1830s, show the feature as a circular tree-planted enclosure, the kind of deliberate planting that Georgian and Victorian landowners sometimes imposed on older earthworks within their demesnes, either to ornament them or simply to mark them out. By the third edition of the same map series, published in 1931, the trees had gone and the enclosure appeared as a bare circle on the ground. What exactly it was remains uncertain. It may have been a tree-ring, a purely ornamental plantation feature laid out by the owners of Cappagh House. Alternatively, it may have been a ringfort, the remains of an early medieval farmstead of the kind that survives in many thousands of examples across Ireland, here tidied up and absorbed into a landlord's landscaping scheme before being forgotten entirely and finally cleared away.

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