Enclosure, Cartrondoogan, Co. Galway
Co. Galway |
Enclosures
In the wet, undulating pastureland of Cartrondoogan in north Galway, there is a site that exists almost entirely on paper.
The Ordnance Survey six-inch maps, those meticulous mid-nineteenth century records of the Irish landscape, mark a circular enclosure here, roughly twenty metres in diameter. On the ground today, nothing whatsoever remains to be seen.
Circular enclosures of this kind are among the most common archaeological features in the Irish countryside. They are typically the remains of a ringfort, known in Irish as a ráth or lios, a type of enclosed farmstead built and used throughout the early medieval period, roughly between the fifth and twelfth centuries. Most consisted of a bank and ditch surrounding a domestic space, often housing a family, their livestock, and outbuildings. The Cartrondoogan example, at around twenty metres across, would have been a modest one. At some point between the cartographers recording it and the present day, whatever earthwork once defined it was absorbed entirely into the agricultural landscape, levelled by ploughing, drainage work, or simple gradual erosion of the kind that wet pastureland accelerates over time.
What remains, then, is a ghost on a map, a dot and a circle on sheets drawn when the feature was presumably still legible, if perhaps already faint. The inventory compiled by Olive Alcock, Kathy de hÓra and Paul Gosling and published in 1999 records it faithfully, even noting the absence of any surface trace. That act of recording a site precisely because it has vanished is, in its own way, a quietly honest account of how much of early medieval Ireland has been lost.