Enclosure, Clashduff, Co. Kilkenny

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Clashduff, Co. Kilkenny

A ringfort that half-disappears into a hillside is not a common sight.

At Clashduff in Co. Kilkenny, an early medieval enclosure has been partially recessed into the west face of an upland slope, a deliberate choice that gives it a degree of shelter unusual for a site at this elevation. Ringforts, the enclosed farmsteads of early Christian Ireland typically dating from roughly the fifth to the twelfth centuries, were built in their thousands across the country, but most occupy more exposed ground. Here, the builders used the natural topography to their advantage, cutting into the slope so that the earthwork reads differently depending on which side you approach it from.

The enclosure is roughly circular, measuring about 36 metres across its northeast to southwest axis. What survives is impressively intact: a broad earthen bank, still standing around two metres high on its outer face, and beyond that a steep-sided fosse, the defensive ditch that would originally have amplified the obstacle presented by the bank. The fosse reaches about 1.1 metres deep and nearly four metres wide, and in the northwest quadrant it still holds water in places, giving some sense of how formidable the whole arrangement would once have appeared. Scrub has moved in across the bank and interior, though patches of open grassland remain. The gap in the southeast, at just under four metres wide, looks like an entrance, but the way the surrounding ground level rises sharply at the outer edge of the fosse there suggests it may not be original; cattle trampling and soil accumulation have likely altered the picture over time.

The site sits just below a hilltop, with a small glen dropping away to the north before the land climbs again. Extensive views open to the south and west from the vicinity, though forestry now closes off much of the western prospect, and rising ground and trees limit what can be seen to the north and east. The enclosure itself, tucked into the slope, would be easy to pass without noticing unless you were actively looking for the low profile of the bank emerging from the hillside.

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