Enclosure, Cloghala, Co. Kilkenny
Co. Kilkenny |
Enclosures
In a field under tillage in County Kilkenny, an ancient enclosure has managed to disappear entirely from the surface of the earth while still leaving a clear outline of itself visible from space.
No earthwork remains, no raised bank, no obvious ground-level trace. The site exists now only as a cropmark, a phenomenon where buried ditches and banks affect the moisture and nutrient content of the soil above them in ways that show up in the differing growth and colour of crops, becoming legible in aerial or satellite imagery in a way they simply are not to someone walking past.
The enclosure at Cloghala was identified by Edward O'Riordan from Google Earth Pro imagery dated 14 July 2018. What he found is a bivallate enclosure, meaning it was originally defined by two concentric circuits of bank and ditch rather than a single ring. The inner diameter runs to approximately 37 metres, with an overall diameter of around 60 metres, and there is a gap of roughly 10 metres between the inner and outer fosse, the term for the enclosing ditch. Enclosures of this double-ringed type are generally associated with early medieval settlement in Ireland, and their bivallate form is sometimes taken to indicate higher status than a single-ditched ringfort. A field boundary that already appears on the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map, originally part of a farm track and still upstanding today, runs roughly northeast to southwest across the northern sector of the site. Notably, it kinks outward at the point where it meets the enclosure, a small but telling detail suggesting the boundary was laid out in deliberate relation to a feature that was already present, or at least already remembered, in the landscape. Approximately 100 metres to the north, another enclosure is recorded, though that one has since been levelled entirely.