Enclosure, Cousane, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Enclosures
On an Ordnance Survey map drawn up in 1842, a small circular feature was carefully marked with hachures on a west-facing slope near the Owngar river in Cousane, West Cork.
Those hachures, the cartographer's shorthand for an enclosed earthwork, indicated a ring roughly twenty-one metres across. Today, if you walked the same pasture, you would find nothing. No bank, no ditch, no earthen lip to catch the light at a low winter angle. The enclosure has been levelled entirely into the surrounding grassland.
Enclosures of this kind are generally understood to be the remains of ringforts, the most common field monument in Ireland, typically dating from the early medieval period, roughly 500 to 1200 AD. They functioned as enclosed farmsteads, a family's home territory defined by a raised earthen bank and sometimes an outer ditch. That nothing survives above ground here does not mean the archaeology is gone; sub-surface features such as ditches, post-holes, and occupation layers often persist below the plough-zone long after the visible earthwork has been worn away. What makes this particular site a little more curious is that a second circular enclosure survives in the same field, a short distance to the east. Two enclosures in proximity is not unheard of, and can reflect successive phases of occupation, a subdivision of a farming unit, or simply the dense settlement patterns that once covered much of the Cork countryside before centuries of land clearance and agriculture erased them from view.