The stones are not a wall in any conventional sense; they form an intermittent, contiguous setting, meaning they are placed touching one another but do not close into a continuous barrier. The enclosure they define measures roughly 20 metres north to south and 18 metres east to west, a subrectangular shape that suggests deliberate design without quite revealing its purpose.

What makes the site particularly interesting is its relationship to its immediate neighbour. Just eight metres to the east lies a rath, the circular earthen enclosure type commonly associated with early medieval farmsteads in Ireland, typically dating from roughly the sixth to the tenth century. Whether the boulder enclosure predates the rath, post-dates it, or was contemporary with it is not recorded, and that uncertainty is itself telling. Boulder-defined enclosures of this kind can be prehistoric in origin, sometimes associated with field systems, stock management, or ceremonial use, though without excavation the Culleens example cannot be confidently assigned to any of these categories. The proximity to the rath might indicate a functional relationship between the two features, an outfield, a pen, a boundary of some kind, or it might be coincidental. The ridge-top position would have offered visibility across the surrounding landscape, which could be significant for any number of reasons depending on the period.