Enclosure, Dunbell Big, Co. Kilkenny

Co. Kilkenny |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Dunbell Big, Co. Kilkenny

A field in County Kilkenny holds the ghost of an enclosure that has, by most measures, ceased to exist.

No trace of it appears on any Ordnance Survey map from the nineteenth century, and satellite imagery reveals nothing. The only reason anyone knows it was there at all is a single hand-drawn map produced in the 1870s by a local antiquarian who had been paying close attention to the landscape around Dunbell Big for decades.

The map in question was published by J. G. A. Prim in 1872 to 1873, under the title "Map showing position of raths at Dunbel, Co. Kilkenny". Raths, or ringforts, are the circular earthen enclosures, typically dating from the early medieval period, that survive in their thousands across Ireland, often as low banks and ditches around former farmsteads. Prim had already been excavating enclosures in Dunbell Big in the 1850s, and his map labels a multivallate ringfort, meaning one with multiple concentric banks and ditches, as "E". Roughly thirty metres to its west, he marks a univallate enclosure, one with a single bank, as "F". This is the feature that has since disappeared. What gives the map some credibility is that Prim's other markings correlate reasonably well with what the first edition Ordnance Survey six-inch map of 1840 independently recorded, suggesting he was drawing from observation rather than guesswork. The univallate enclosure labelled "F", however, appears on neither the 1840 survey nor the later 1899 to 1902 edition, which raises the possibility that it had already been levelled by the time the Ordnance Survey teams passed through, or that it was slight enough to escape their attention even while Prim, who knew the ground, still recognised its outline. A further enclosure sits approximately 250 metres to the south-west, recorded on the 1840 map, adding to the sense that this particular stretch of Kilkenny farmland was once considerably more structured than its present appearance would suggest.

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