Enclosure, Dunkip, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Enclosures
A circular enclosure in a Limerick field has never appeared on any Ordnance Survey historic map, and would likely have remained entirely unknown were it not for a gas pipeline.
That is more or less the sum of its recorded existence: an absence from the cartographic record, and a fleeting appearance in an aerial photograph taken on the 3rd of November 1984 during survey work connected to the Bord Gáis Éireann Curraghleigh to West Limerick pipeline. The photograph, shot at a scale of 1:10,000, caught something in the improved pasture of the Dunkip townland that ground-level observation had never registered.
What the photograph revealed was a cropmark, specifically a circular one. Cropmarks form when buried features, walls, ditches, or pits, affect how grass or grain grows above them; from the air, especially in dry conditions, the outline of a buried structure can become legible in variations of colour and height across the surface vegetation. This particular mark describes a rough circle approximately 26 metres in diameter, sitting just south of the townland boundary with Rathmore. A ringfort, a type of enclosed farmstead typical of early medieval Ireland, lies about 350 metres to the east and is already recorded in the Sites and Monuments Record as LI031-025002. Whether the Dunkip enclosure is of similar character and period remains unconfirmed, though the circular form is consistent with that tradition. The site was compiled into the record by Martin Fitzpatrick and uploaded in April 2021, drawing on both the original 1984 pipeline aerial and more recent satellite imagery, including a Google Earth orthoimage dated 28th June 2018, on which the cropmark appears again, partially transected at its north-west arc by a field boundary that was established sometime after 1700.
There is, practically speaking, nothing to see at ground level. The enclosure lies in improved agricultural pasture, the kind of land that has been drained, reseeded, and managed to the point where surface irregularities have long since been smoothed away. The field boundary that cuts across the north-western edge of the circle is itself the most visible feature in any satellite view. For anyone with an interest in aerial archaeology or the SMR database, the site is worth examining through the National Monuments Service mapping tools, where the cropmark's recorded extent can be overlaid on current and historic imagery. The nearby ringfort to the east, being an upstanding or at least formally recorded monument, may offer more to a visitor with a physical interest in the landscape.