Enclosure, Dunmore, Co. Kilkenny

Co. Kilkenny |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Dunmore, Co. Kilkenny

At Dunmore in County Kilkenny, a circular enclosure roughly 55 metres across exists almost entirely beneath the surface of a working field, invisible to anyone walking past but legible from above as a cropmark, the kind of ghostly outline that appears in aerial or satellite imagery when buried features cause the vegetation above them to grow differently.

The enclosure only came to light through scrutiny of Google Earth imagery, identified and reported by Jean-Charles Caillère from a satellite pass dated August 2022.

What the imagery reveals is a curvilinear enclosure defined by a wide fosse, essentially a ditch, approximately four metres across. A fosse of that width suggests a boundary intended to be substantial, the sort associated with enclosed settlements, ringforts, or early ecclesiastical sites, though without excavation the precise function and date remain open questions. There appears to be an entrance gap of similar width in the south-eastern sector, which would be consistent with ringfort-type enclosures across Ireland, where southeast-facing entrances are common. A later field boundary cuts across the northwest quadrant, which partly obscures the original form. What makes the Dunmore site particularly interesting is its immediate context: at least three other enclosures sit within 160 metres to the west and southwest. Clusters of this kind are not unusual in the Irish landscape, where ringforts and related enclosures were sometimes established in loose groupings, possibly reflecting family or community settlement patterns in the early medieval period, but finding four in such close proximity in a single field system is notable. The enclosure itself has no surface expression and would likely have remained unrecorded without the combination of dry summer conditions and satellite imagery that made the cropmark legible.

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