Enclosure, Eachros, Co. Cork
Co. Cork |
Enclosures
On a south-facing terrace above the village of Ballingeary and the long spread of Lough Allua, there is a circular enclosure that is not quite one thing.
It has an internal diameter of around sixteen metres, two opposing entranceways to the east and west, and a perimeter that tells two different stories depending on which half you are looking at. The southern arc is a broad earthen bank, roughly 1.7 metres high and 2.4 metres wide, faced with stone on both sides and largely consumed by briars. The northern arc is something else entirely: a well-built stone wall, narrower and lower, constructed in a manner that suggests a completely different hand and probably a different era. The site sits on Ordnance Survey six-inch maps, across both the first and second editions, as a recognisable circular feature, though without the hachuring that would have marked it unambiguously as a fortification.
The most plausible reading of what happened here involves a rath, the Irish term for a ringfort, an enclosed farmstead type built predominantly between the early medieval period and around the twelfth century. Ringforts were constructed in their thousands across Ireland, typically as enclosed homesteads for farming families, and they survive in varying states of completeness across the countryside. At Eachros, local oral tradition had kept alive a memory of just such a feature somewhere in the area, and it was two inhabitants of the townland who pointed the site out to Tony Miller, who reported it in January 2013. His assessment was that the southern earthen bank is the older remnant, partially levelled at some point, and that the northern stone wall was added later, perhaps by someone wanting to restore or repurpose the circular form rather than leave it in ruin. The ridge at Rathgaskig rises to the north, and the name of that ridge, incorporating the element rath, hints at a broader pattern of early settlement activity across this part of west Cork.