Enclosure, Formoyle, Co. Clare

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Formoyle, Co. Clare

At around five hundred feet above sea level on a rough grazing terrace near the foot of Gleninagh Mountain, there is an oval enclosure that barely announces itself.

Its boundary wall has long since sunk into the ground, surviving now as a low, overgrown spread of stone no more than half a metre high, with a slight scarp reinforcing its southern side. What makes the site quietly unsettling is what occupies its interior: a children's burial ground sits within the enclosure's south-eastern sector. These killeens, as they are known in Irish tradition, were informal burial places used for unbaptised infants, who were excluded by Church practice from consecrated ground. They were often located at the margins, physically and spiritually, and their presence here raises questions about what this enclosure once was and what it gradually became.

A later field wall runs directly over the enclosure's bank, suggesting the structure had already lost whatever significance it once held by the time the surrounding landscape was being divided up for farming. In 1991, the researcher Swan recorded both a bullaun stone and the remains of a destroyed structure at this location, and proposed that the site had originally functioned as an early ecclesiastical enclosure, one that had, in his words, 'degenerated to the status of a killeen'. A bullaun is a stone with one or more artificial cup-shaped hollows, often associated with early Christian sites and sometimes with ritual use. Swan's interpretation pointed to a lost church community, its sacred character slowly eroding until only the children's burials remained. There is, however, a complicating possibility: a bullaun stone and a church site survive some three hundred metres to the south, and it is conceivable that Swan conflated the two locations, assigning ecclesiastical meaning to a site that may have had a different origin entirely.

The enclosure looks out across the Caher valley to the east and, through the local gap known as the Khyber Pass, towards Galway Bay to the north-west. The views are expansive, though the site itself is easy to overlook, its boundaries reduced to little more than a faint rise in the ground among rough pasture. The field wall cutting across the bank is one of the clearest things to trace on the ground, a reminder of how later agricultural life simply continued over whatever came before.

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Pete F
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