Enclosure, Garranenageevoge, Co. Cork

Co. Cork |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Garranenageevoge, Co. Cork

What looks at first glance like a lumpy field just below the brow of a gently rolling hill in north Cork turns out, on closer inspection, to be a remarkably complex ancient landscape compressed into a relatively small area of pasture.

The main feature is a pear-shaped earthen enclosure, roughly 86 metres east to west and 58 metres north to south, defined by an almost levelled bank with a shallow external fosse, the term for a ditch dug around the outside of an earthwork as part of its boundary. What makes this site particularly unusual is not the enclosure itself but the way it has accumulated additions over time: four separate annexes have accreted around its northern and north-western sides, each defined by its own low bank and sharing the fosse of the main enclosure. Their shapes vary, from a roughly D-shaped extension to subrectangular additions of differing proportions, suggesting the site grew in stages rather than being laid out all at once.

The interior of the main enclosure is undulating, with a boggy area in the north-east quadrant defined on its western side by a further low bank. A linear bank extends from the south-west for about 22 metres toward a field boundary, with its own shallow fosse along the southern side. A smaller circular enclosure, around 18 metres in diameter, abuts the main enclosure to the east, sharing its fosse on the western side and retaining breaks in its bank to both west and east. Perhaps the most intriguing element is a possible fulacht fiadh within the western interior of one of the annexes. A fulacht fiadh is a type of prehistoric cooking site, typically identified by a horseshoe-shaped mound of burnt and shattered stone beside a trough, and they are among the most common ancient monuments in Ireland. A comparable enclosure survives in Ballyphilibeen townland, about 6.8 kilometres to the south-west, hinting that this part of north Cork may once have been more densely organised than its quiet fields now suggest.

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