Enclosure, Iskancullin, Co. Clare

Co. Clare |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Iskancullin, Co. Clare

On the southern slope of a broad hill in County Clare, a nearly vanished enclosure sits within a landscape that has been shaped and reshaped by human hands across several periods.

The site at Iskancullin is not dramatic in any obvious sense. Its defining wall has sunk to little more than a moss-covered scatter of stone, rising only twenty to forty centimetres from the ground and spreading up to two and a half metres wide in places. At the southern arc it widens considerably, to almost five metres, as though the original builders were being especially deliberate there. A later drystone wall, the kind of utilitarian boundary still common across the Burren, was built directly on top of this older spread, compressing two distinct phases of land use into a single low ridge of rubble.

The enclosure is roughly subcircular, measuring just over forty-four metres east to west and forty-three and a half metres north to south, which puts it in the range of the smaller ringforts and cashels, the dry-stone enclosed farmsteads, that pepper this part of Clare. Indeed, two cashels lie within striking distance: one approximately thirty-eight metres to the north-east, another around a hundred and sixty-three metres to the south-west. According to research by Bowmer in 2019, all three appear to have been integrated within a shared field system, suggesting they were not isolated settlements but components of an organised agricultural landscape. That field system itself is classified as multiperiod, meaning the boundaries and divisions visible across this hillside accumulated over a long stretch of time rather than being laid out in any single era. Karst limestone underlies the whole area, the bare fractured rock of the Burren, which gives the terrain its distinctive character and made building in stone both unavoidable and abundant.

At the centre of the enclosure is what appears to be a natural stony rise, roughly eight metres across and only slightly elevated. Extending from it to the north-east is an overgrown gryke, one of the narrow fissures that form naturally as rainwater dissolves joints in the limestone pavement, here running about five and a half metres long and nearly half a metre deep, with a tumble of stones at its eastern end. The gryke seems to have been present before any enclosure was built, and its relationship to the central rise is unclear. Both features appear on the OS twenty-five-inch plan of 1897 and the 1920 edition of the six-inch map, which tells us the enclosure was legible enough at the turn of the last century to be recorded, even as it was quietly disappearing into the pasture around it.

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