Enclosure, Kilmanahan, Co. Waterford
Co. Waterford |
Enclosures
There is a medieval enclosure in County Waterford that is, by any practical measure, invisible. Standing in the tillage field at the bottom of a north-facing slope near the townland of Kilmanahan, a visitor would see nothing at all, no earthwork, no ridge, no depression. The site exists now almost entirely in cartographic memory, recorded on the Ordnance Survey's six-inch map of 1840 with enough clarity to show a rectangular embanked enclosure roughly 40 metres across its longest axis, backing neatly onto the townland boundary.
What that 1840 map captured may be the remains of a moated site, a category of monument associated in Ireland with the Anglo-Norman colonisation of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Moated sites typically consist of a raised platform or enclosure surrounded by a water-filled or dry ditch, and they are understood to represent the defended farmsteads of Anglo-Norman settlers and, later, of Gaelic landowners who adopted the form. The Kilmanahan enclosure was identified as a possible example of this type by T. B. Barry in 1979, though the qualifier "possible" does real work here. The exterior dimensions, around 40 metres northwest to southeast and 35 metres northeast to southwest, fall within the range typical of such sites, and its position along a townland boundary is the kind of detail that tends to preserve the memory of something older, boundaries being among the most conservative features in any landscape. But centuries of cultivation have flattened whatever earthwork once made the enclosure legible at ground level.
The site sits in agricultural land and offers nothing to the casual eye, which is itself a fairly common condition for low-lying earthworks in tillage areas. Its interest lies less in what can be seen than in what can be inferred, a medieval presence recorded once on paper, then slowly erased by ploughing, and now known mainly because someone thought to look at an old map.