Enclosure, Knockballyfookeen, Co. Limerick
Co. Limerick |
Enclosures
A farm shed now occupies the southern quarter of what was once a roughly circular earthwork in County Limerick, its concrete apron spreading across ground that was already old when the first Ordnance Survey cartographers passed through.
That collision of ancient enclosure and modern agriculture is not unusual in the Irish countryside, but at Knockballyfookeen the two have overlapped so completely that only a fraction of the original monument survives in any readable form, making it an oddly compelling case study in how the past gets quietly absorbed into the working landscape.
The enclosure sits on a gently raised section of a north-east-facing slope in rough pasture, about 280 metres south-west of the Reask River, as noted by O'Dwyer in 1959. The revised 1897 edition of the Ordnance Survey 25-inch map recorded it as a penannular earthwork, a shape roughly like a ring with a deliberate gap, measuring approximately 32 metres north to south and 31 metres east to west. A penannular form is one that falls just short of completing a full circle, and it appears commonly in early Irish enclosures and ringforts. A ringfort, incidentally, is an enclosed farmstead of early medieval date, typically defined by one or more earthen banks and ditches, and one sits just 180 metres to the south-east of this site. When the Archaeological Survey of Ireland visited in 2008, they found the picture considerably reduced. What remained was an arc of scarp, the steep face of an earthen bank, running roughly from north-west around to the south, extending perhaps 15 metres in total. The scarp itself stood around 1.2 metres high and 3.5 metres wide where it had survived, though it had been straightened along part of its eastern to southern arc, levelled entirely where the farm shed now stands, and cut through on the west by a field boundary running north-west to south-east. Beyond that boundary, there is no trace of the monument at all.
The site is on private farmland in rough pasture, so access would require the landowner's permission and is not straightforward for casual visitors. Those with a particular interest in landscape archaeology may find the aerial record more rewarding than a ground visit: a vague trace of the disturbed northern arc of the scarp was still detectable on Digital Globe orthophotos from 2011 to 2013, and on Google Earth imagery captured in June 2018. On the ground, the surviving scarp is most legible from the north-west around to the east and south, where the landform has not been entirely obscured. The nearby ringfort to the south-east is a useful point of comparison for understanding what a more intact example of this type of early enclosure looks like in the same landscape.