Enclosure, Kyleballynamoe, Co. Kilkenny

Co. Kilkenny |

Enclosures

Enclosure, Kyleballynamoe, Co. Kilkenny

Beneath a ploughed field in the townland of Kyleballynamoe, County Kilkenny, lies the ghost of a circular enclosure that has not been visible to anyone standing on the ground for a very long time.

It only shows itself from the air, and only under the right conditions, as a cropmark, the faint differential in how plants grow above buried features, betraying the outline of something old to anyone who happens to be looking down at the right moment.

The enclosure was identified and reported by Simon Dowling and Jean-Charles Caillère, who spotted it in Google Earth imagery captured on 28 June 2018. In that summer photograph, the cropmark resolves into a circle roughly 36 metres in diameter, with what appears to be an entrance gap of approximately 4 metres in the north-eastern quadrant. Circular enclosures of this kind are a familiar feature of the Irish landscape, even if most are now invisible at ground level. They range from prehistoric ringforts, which were earthen or stone-banked farmsteads used well into the early medieval period, to enclosures of uncertain function and date. Without excavation, it is impossible to say precisely what this one was for or when it was built, but the form, a roughly circular boundary with a defined entrance, fits comfortably within a very long tradition of enclosed settlement and activity in the Irish countryside. The fact that it survives only as a cropmark suggests the original banks or ditches were levelled long ago, most likely through centuries of agricultural cultivation.

The site sits in tillage land, and the cropmark would only be legible under specific conditions, typically during a dry summer when moisture stress causes crops growing above buried ditches to green up or ripen differently from their neighbours. The June 2018 imagery caught one such moment. Without another dry spell and another overpass at the right time, the field looks like any other.

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