Enclosure (Large), Cloonkea, Co. Galway

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Enclosures

Enclosure (Large), Cloonkea, Co. Galway

On a south-facing slope in County Galway, the driveway to Cloonkea House cuts straight through the middle of something that was old long before the house existed.

The avenue, two metres wide, runs from east-south-east to west-south-west, bisecting what appears to be a large roughly subcircular enclosure, its outer edge spanning roughly 90 metres east to west and 82.5 metres north to south. The enclosure is easy to miss. Much of its circuit has no clear surface trace at all, and what does survive is modest: a low grassy bank along the western arc, rising no more than 0.4 metres on the interior face, and a gentle swell in the ground curving from the south-east to the south-west and again from the north-west toward the north-east. There is no visible entrance gap anywhere along the perimeter.

What makes the site quietly puzzling is how it was identified at all. The bank is slight, the interior featureless, and about half the circuit has left no mark on the surface. The most suggestive clue lies in a band of nettles, three to four metres wide, running along the north-west and north-east sections. Nettles tend to colonise disturbed or enriched ground, and here they may be tracing the line of a fosse, the term for a defensive or boundary ditch that typically accompanied an enclosure of this kind, the earthen bank being the upcast from the digging. The interior holds only a scattering of ash and oak trees growing either side of the avenue. The site was brought to notice by Dr C. Cunniffe, without whose attention the slight traces might easily have been overlooked or dismissed as natural undulation in the pasture.

Enclosures of this size and form are often associated with early medieval activity in Ireland, though without excavation a precise date or function is impossible to assign to this one. The driveway cutting through it suggests that whoever laid out the approach to Cloonkea House either did not recognise what lay beneath the turf or, more likely, simply had no reason to care. The avenue now acts as an unintentional cross-section, while the nettles continue their slow work of marking a boundary that has otherwise almost entirely dissolved back into the hillside.

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Pete F
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