Enclosure, Lisheenavalla, Co. Galway

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Lisheenavalla, Co. Galway

In the grassland of Lisheenavalla, in the north of County Galway, there is a circular enclosure that exists almost entirely on paper.

Walk the field today and you will find nothing; no earthwork, no ridge in the turf, no subtle depression to catch the eye of a passing antiquarian. The only evidence that something was ever here is a mark on the first edition of the Ordnance Survey six-inch map, which recorded a circular enclosure roughly twenty metres in diameter. The ground has since swallowed it entirely.

Circular enclosures of this kind are among the most common archaeological features in the Irish landscape. They range from the remains of ringforts, which were the enclosed farmsteads of the early medieval period, to much older ceremonial or funerary sites whose purposes are harder to pin down. A diameter of around twenty metres is modest but not unusual for a domestic ringfort, the sort of place where a farming family would have lived, kept livestock within an earthen bank, and gone about the ordinary business of rural life somewhere between the fifth and twelfth centuries. What erased the Lisheenavalla example is not recorded. Centuries of ploughing, drainage work, or simple subsidence can reduce an earthen bank to nothing, leaving only the cartographic memory of the first Ordnance Survey, which mapped Ireland in remarkable detail through the 1830s and 1840s and caught many features that subsequent generations would not preserve.

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