Enclosure, Lissatotan (Connello Lower By.), Co. Limerick

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Lissatotan (Connello Lower By.), Co. Limerick

What looks, at first glance, like a slightly uneven field in County Limerick turns out to be a remarkably complete early enclosure, its boundaries still legible in the ground despite centuries of agricultural use.

Sitting in marshy pasture near the base of a gentle south-east-facing slope at Lissatotan, in the old barony of Connello Lower, the site holds its shape with quiet persistence. The oval outline, roughly 52 metres north to south and 72 metres east to west, is defined by an earthen bank and an external fosse, the term for a ditch dug around a defended or enclosed space, and the two together form a perimeter that has survived well enough to reward a careful look.

The details recorded by surveyor Denis Power reveal a site with more internal complexity than its modest profile suggests. The bank, standing to around 0.8 metres on the interior and 0.75 metres on the exterior, is best preserved along its western and northern arc. A dip in the bank on the south-east side, about 2.4 metres wide, likely marks an original entrance, while two wider breaks elsewhere are attributed to cattle, the slow work of livestock rather than any deliberate remodelling. The fosse is waterlogged along its north-east to eastern stretch and is fed by a leat, a small artificial channel, drawn from a stream to the south-east, which suggests the water in the ditch was not simply a product of the marshy ground but was, at least in part, deliberately directed there. A faint counterscarp bank, a low secondary ridge on the outer edge of the ditch, survives along the south-eastern arc. Inside, a sub-rectangular area measuring roughly 15 by 14 metres sits against the eastern bank face, enclosed by its own slightly curved earthen bank, and the western half of the interior sits noticeably higher than the rest, divided by a low earth-and-stone bank running roughly north to south.

The site is under pasture and sits in working farmland, so access would require landowner permission and appropriate footwear for wet ground. Aerial photographs taken in March 2006 as part of the Archaeological Survey of Ireland capture the enclosure well from above, and these offer a useful reference before visiting. On the ground, the internal bank dividing the higher western ground from the lower eastern portion is easy to miss without knowing to look for it, but once located it gives a real sense of how the interior was organised, even if the original purpose of that division remains unclear.

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