Enclosure, Loumanagh, Co. Cork

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Loumanagh, Co. Cork

What survives at Loumanagh is, in a sense, the ghost of a monument rather than the monument itself.

On a west-facing slope in County Cork, tucked into the corner of a pasture field, low earthen banks trace out a rough rectangle, with a shallow external fosse, a ditch running around the outside, still just legible in the ground. The whole thing measures roughly nineteen metres east to west and under eighteen metres north to south, the banks rising less than sixty centimetres above the surrounding land. It is easy to mistake for a natural fold in the field, or simply the accumulated pressure of centuries of farming at a field corner.

The site appears on the 1937 Ordnance Survey six-inch map as a circular area roughly twenty-five metres in diameter, marked by a broken line, the cartographic shorthand for something already uncertain or incomplete. That circularity is a clue to what it once was. Circular or sub-circular enclosures of this kind are generally understood to be ringforts, the enclosed farmsteads of early medieval Ireland, typically defined by a bank and fosse and used as homesteads between roughly the fifth and twelfth centuries. By the time the map was drawn, the original form had already been significantly altered. Writing in 1934, a researcher named Bowman recorded a fort on the land of one M. Murphy in this area as having been levelled, noting that the site had been ploughed many times. The rectangular outline visible today likely reflects the reshaping of that corner of ground by agricultural activity over subsequent decades, the circular enclosure gradually squared off and absorbed into the field system around it.

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