Enclosure, Rincullia, Co. Limerick

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Rincullia, Co. Limerick

In a field in Rincullia, County Limerick, there is an enclosure that has been slowly disappearing into the landscape for centuries.

It sits on a slight rise in undulating pasture, roughly square in plan and measuring about 23.5 metres from north to south, its collapsed stone and earth walls now barely distinguishable from the surrounding terrain. What makes it quietly strange is the way it has been absorbed rather than abandoned: the eastern and southern walls have been incorporated directly into the existing field-boundary system, so that what was once a deliberately defined space now functions, to the casual eye, as just another field edge.

Enclosures of this kind are common across Ireland, though their original purposes vary considerably. Some were early medieval farmsteads, sometimes called raths or ringforts, used to enclose a household and its livestock. Others served as burial grounds, animal pounds, or ecclesiastical boundaries. Without excavation it is rarely possible to say with confidence which function a given enclosure served, and the Rincullia example is no exception. What the notes compiled by Denis Power do tell us is that the walls survive to an internal height of around 0.8 metres and an external height of roughly one metre, and that a gap of about 1.4 metres on the northern side, oriented to the north-northeast, likely marks the original entrance. Aerial photographs taken in March 2006 as part of the Archaeological Survey of Ireland record the site from above, revealing the square plan more clearly than any ground-level inspection can.

The interior is level but largely inaccessible due to dense overgrowth, with the exception of the northern end, which is more open. Stones from the collapsing walls are scattered across the ground inside, making careful footing necessary if you do get close. Because the enclosure has been woven into the active field system, access depends on the landowner and the season; the surrounding pasture is working farmland. The slight elevation on which it sits means that even in its ruined state the structure occupies a position with a modest command of the surrounding ground, something that would have been more apparent before the walls fell and the vegetation closed in.

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Pete F
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