Enclosure, Sallypark, Co. Cork

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Enclosures

Enclosure, Sallypark, Co. Cork

There is nothing to see at Sallypark with the naked eye, and that is precisely what makes it worth knowing about.

In a field in north County Cork, a long-vanished enclosure announces itself only from the air, its outline preserved as a cropmark, a phenomenon where buried ditches and banks cause the grass or grain above them to grow at a slightly different rate, leaving a ghostly trace readable in aerial photography. A roughly circular form, approximately thirty metres in diameter, was captured in exactly this way during a survey flight in July 1989, its fosse, meaning the enclosure ditch, still legible beneath centuries of ploughing.

The enclosure appears to have had two entrances, one to the east and one to the west, with the western entrance showing overlapping terminals, a detail suggesting a deliberate funnel or chicane effect at the threshold, a feature associated with Irish ringforts of the early medieval period. A ringfort is a roughly circular farmstead enclosure, typically dating from around 500 to 1000 AD, and defined by an earthen bank and outer ditch. Whether this Sallypark enclosure is strictly a ringfort or something earlier or later is not certain from the aerial evidence alone. What is clear is that it did not stand in isolation. A ringfort survives about two hundred metres to the north-north-east, and the fields to the west and south contain the traces of a levelled ringfort and several further circular enclosures, all now largely destroyed at ground level. The same field also shows linear cropmarks running at right angles to one another, likely the remnants of old field boundaries that were ploughed out at some point in the agricultural past. Taken together, the pattern suggests this part of north Cork was once a settled and subdivided landscape, its organisation now visible only to a camera looking straight down.

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